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This chapter from Microsoft Word 2016 Step By Step guides you through procedures related to applying character and paragraph formatting, structuring content manually, creating and modifying lists, applying styles to text, and changing a document’s theme.
Documents contain text that conveys information to readers, but the appearance of the document content also conveys a message. You can provide structure and meaning by formatting the text in various ways. Word 2016 provides a variety of simple-to-use tools that you can use to apply sophisticated formatting and create a navigational structure.
This chapter guides you through procedures related to applying character and paragraph formatting, structuring content manually, creating and modifying lists, applying styles to text, and changing a document’s theme.
Apply paragraph formatting
A paragraph is created by entering text and then pressing the Enter key. A paragraph can contain one word, one sentence, or multiple sentences. Every paragraph ends with a paragraph mark, which looks like a backward P (¶). Paragraph marks and other structural characters (such as spaces, line breaks, and tabs) are usually hidden, but you can display them. Sometimes displaying these hidden characters makes it easier to accomplish a task or understand a structural problem.
You can change the look of a paragraph by changing its indentation, alignment, and line spacing, in addition to the space before and after it. You can also put borders around it and shade its background. Collectively, the settings you use to vary the look of a paragraph are called paragraph formatting.
You can modify a paragraph’s left and right edge alignment and vertical spacing by using tools on the Home tab of the ribbon, and its left and right indents from the Home tab or from the ruler. The ruler is usually hidden to provide more space for the document content.
The left indent can be changed from the Home tab or the ruler
If you modify a paragraph and aren’t happy with the changes, you can restore the original paragraph and character settings by clearing the formatting to reset the paragraph to its base style.
Configure alignment
The alignment settings control the horizontal position of the paragraph text between the page margins. There are four alignment options:
Align Left This is the default paragraph alignment. It sets the left end of each line of the paragraph at the left page margin or left indent. It results in a straight left edge and a ragged right edge.
Align Right This sets the right end of each line of the paragraph at the right page margin or right indent. It results in a straight right edge and a ragged left edge.
Center This centers each line of the paragraph between the left and right page margins or indents. It results in ragged left and right edges.
Justify This alignment adjusts the spacing between words so that the left end of each line of the paragraph is at the left page margin or indent and the right end of each line of the paragraph (other than the last line) is at the right margin or indent. It results in straight left and right edges.
The icons on the alignment buttons on the ribbon depict the effect of each alignment option.
To open the Paragraph dialog box
Do either of the following:
To set paragraph alignment
Position the cursor anywhere in the paragraph, or select all the paragraphs you want to adjust.
Do either of the following:
Configure vertical spacing
Paragraphs have two types of vertical spacing:
Paragraph spacing The space between paragraphs, defined by setting the space before and after each paragraph. This space is usually measured in points.
Line spacing The space between the lines of the paragraph, defined by setting the height of the lines either in relation to the height of the text (Single, Double, or a specific number of lines) or by specifying a minimum or exact point measurement.
The default line spacing for documents created in Word 2016 is 1.08 lines. Changing the line spacing changes the appearance and readability of the text in the paragraph and, of course, also changes the amount of space it occupies on the page.
You can set the paragraph and line spacing for individual paragraphs and for paragraph styles. You can quickly adjust the spacing of most content in a document by selecting an option from the Paragraph Spacing menu on the Design tab. (Although the menu is named Paragraph Spacing, the menu options control both paragraph spacing and line spacing.) These options, which are named by effect rather than by specific measurements, work by modifying the spacing of the Normal paragraph style and any other styles that depend on the Normal style for their spacing. (In standard templates, most other styles are based on the Normal style.) The Paragraph Spacing options modify the Normal style in only the current document, and do not affect other documents.
The following table describes the effect of each Paragraph Spacing option on the paragraph and line spacing settings.
To quickly adjust the vertical spacing before, after, and within all paragraphs in a document
Each paragraph spacing option controls space around and within the paragraph
To adjust the spacing between paragraphs
Select all the paragraphs you want to adjust.
On the Layout tab, in the Paragraph group, adjust the Spacing Before and Spacing After settings.
The settings in the Spacing boxes are measured in pointsTo adjust spacing between the lines of paragraphs
Position the cursor anywhere in the paragraph, or select all the paragraphs you want to adjust.
You can choose from preset internal line spacing options or adjust paragraph spacing
Position the cursor anywhere in the paragraph, or select all the paragraphs you want to adjust.
Configure indents
In Word, you don’t define the width of paragraphs and the length of pages by defining the area occupied by the text; instead, you define the size of the white space-the left, right, top, and bottom margins-around the text.
Although the left and right margins are set for a whole document or for a section of a document, you can vary the position of the paragraphs between the margins by indenting the left or right edge of the paragraph.
Left Indent This defines the outermost left edge of each line of the paragraph.
Right Indent This defines the outermost right edge of each line of the paragraph.
First Line Indent This defines the starting point of the first line of the paragraph.
The ruler indicates the space between the left and right page margins in a lighter color than the space outside of the page margins.
The default setting for the Left Indent and First Line Indent markers is 0.0″, which aligns with the left page margin. The default setting for the Right Indent marker is the distance from the left margin to the right margin. For example, if the page size is set to 8.5″ wide and the left and right margins are set to 1.0″, the default Right Indent marker setting is 6.5″.
You can arrange the Left Indent and First Line Indent markers to create a hanging indent or a first line indent. Hanging indents are most commonly used for bulleted and numbered lists, in which the bullet or number is indented less than the main text (essentially, it is out dented). First line indents are frequently used to distinguish the beginning of each subsequent paragraph in documents that consist of many consecutive paragraphs of text. Both types of indents are set by using the First Line Indent marker on the ruler.
To display the ruler To indent or outdent the left edge of a paragraph
Position the cursor anywhere in the paragraph, or select all the paragraphs you want to adjust.
Do any of the following:
To create a hanging indent or first line indent
Position the cursor anywhere in the paragraph, or select all the paragraphs you want to adjust.
Set the left indent of the paragraph body.
On the ruler, drag the First Line Indent marker to the ruler measurement at which you want to begin the first line of the paragraph.
To indent or outdent the right edge of a paragraph
Position the cursor anywhere in the paragraph, or select all the paragraphs you want to adjust.
Do either of the following:
On the ruler, drag the Right Indent marker to the ruler measurement at which you want to set the maximum right edge of the paragraph.
Text Justification And Alignment In Microsoft Word
I’m not sure this topic justifies a separate chapter in the User’s Guide but the alternative was to really bloat the basic formatting chapter with information most people don’t want or need.
Virtually all horizontal justification in Word is done with respect tab settings or to the left or right indent (not margins). Tab settings and indents are paragraph level formatting best set in Styles.
The screenshots here are from Word 2010, but the icons and keyboard shortcuts shown are identical in versions from Word 97-2013. Note that the screenshots of text include the Ruler to emphasize that the alignment is between paragraph Indents and not page Margins. The margins are shown by the text boundaries and on the Ruler. The Indents are not quite the same distance from the Margins. This is to show that the centering is done to the Indents as well.
The screenshots also have display of non-printing characters turned on. The ones visible are the paragraph marks and the dots for blank spaces.
Horizontal Alignment of Text in Microsoft Word
Unless support for some East-Asian language is installed, you will see four icons for paragraph alignment in Word.
The screen shots below all include a fifth icon for Distributed Text which will show up if you have East-Asian language support installed. The command is available even if the language support is not installed, though.
This is the default.
Because of the text used above, it looks like fully-justified text, but it is not. The text is not stretched to go all the way to the right Indent.
Full Justification / Alignment (Ctr+J)
The demonstration screen shot above shows full alignment with both a paragraph mark at the end of a short line and a line break at the end of a short line.
First, permit me a slight rant. Don’t use full justification! It makes your text look nice but it is harder to read! Also don’t use hyphenation — for the same reason. Reading is not done letter-by-letter. The brain uses the shape of the word to determine a meaning, and even the shape of a sentence. Both full justification and hyphenation mess with those shapes. (Done with rant; thank you for your tolerance.)
Fully justified text in newspapers and magazines is far more highly massaged than Word will do. This is through the use of kerning and ligatures.
Full justification can be enhanced by using a Word Perfect compatibility option — the only WP-compatibility option that I know of that is of any use.
Check the box for “Do full justification like Word Perfect 6.x for Windows.” This varies the space between words to a much finer degree than is the default for Word. Thanks to Woody’s Office Watch for this tip. It still doesn’t make the text as easy to read as left-justification. This option is not available for documents set up for Word 2013 or later.
If you do decide to use full alignment, just be aware that Word is a flawed tool to produce this kind of text.
Note that the WordPerfect option shifts text from line to line. This option is not available AFAIK after Word 2010 except when in compatibility mode.
Distributed Paragraph Alignment (Ctrl+Shift+J) – an undocumented option
Unless you have support for some East-Asian Language installed, you will only see the four icons above with none showing as active. If you do have that language support turned on, you will see five icons in the paragraph alignment area with the fifth one being for Distributed.
This was built into Word as a part of East Asian Language Support and is in all versions of Word since at least Word 2003. Distributed should never be used in English for regular text. Note above that in the last line the parantheses and period are counted as characters and space is used to stretch them as well.
If you have language support turned on for any East Asian Language, the icon will be with your other paragraph formatting alignment options as shown. Otherwise, you can add the command for Distributed Paragraph text to the Quick Action Toolbar or a Ribbon in Word 2007 and later. It is under All Commands as “Distributed.” When added to a the QAT or Ribbon, it gives the icon although not with the other icons. In Word 2003 you cannot display the icon (AFAIK) without installing support for an East-Asian language. The shortcut Ctrl+Shift+J, though, is available.
If you display the icon, it comes with the “tooltip” when you hover over it.
Again, I would never use Distributed for anything other than a single line of text for a special purpose. It does not, contrary to the tooltip shown, give a document a clean look!
My thank to Rohn and Stefan Blom for the information about the Distributed option. The keyboard shortcut does show up for the command Distribute Para in printed lists of commands or of keyboard shortcuts generated by Word using the ListCommands command. I call this an undocumented option becausethe Ctrl+Shift+J Shortcut does not show up in the lists of Keyboard Shortcuts on the Microsoft site that I’ve found. As far as I know, its use is not documented by Microsoft’s site, at least not in English.
All of the methods shown so far keep the same text on each line, they simply move the text to different positions on a line. That is not the case with the justification methods for Right-to-Left languages. They can ove words from line to line.
The above buttons give additional options, even if you are not using a Right-to-Left language. They give three additional degrees of justification.
Justify – High
Justify – Low
As far as I can tell, the Justify-Low setting is the same as the Full Justification setting.
Justify – Medium
Notice that the High and Medium settings move words from line to line. The menu button that gives a drop-down with all of these is only active if you have a Right-to-Left language enabled in you version of Word.
To put these on your QAT:
Modifying the Quick Access Toolbar (QAT) in Microsoft Word
There are times when you want one column of text aligned to the left, and a second to the right. (In Word Perfect, this is called Flush-Right.) In Word, this is done by use of Tab settings or Alignment Tabs that ignore those settings.
A common example of this kind of formatting is a Table of Contents. Word will automatically define a Table of Contents in just this way. Here are examples of text with the Ruler, with the non-printing tab characters displayed.
Note that the tabs could be set at the paragraph indents; here they are not to make what is happening clearer. If they were set at the indents, the tab for the left-most text would not be used, simply the indent. Note also that a right tab could be set outside the right paragraph indent and/or the right page margin.
The second is Flush Right with an additional Center tab.
The third example uses a Right tab to align text on the left with an even right margin and that on the right with an even left margin. Still with a Center tab.
The fourth example shows use to line up columns to meet in the middle using tab settings.
Other times you will want one column aligned to the left margin, a second column centered and a third column right-aligned with the right margin. In Word Perfect this is done in a left-justified paragraph by typing the text on the left, pressing the Center key, typing the centered text, and then pressing Right-Justify and typing the text for the right margin. A typical place for doing this is in the headers and footers of a page. Both the header and the footer Styles are set up with a center-tab and a right-tab. If you are in either of these places, simply type your left text, press the tab key, type your centered text, press the tab key again, and type your right-aligned text. This is shown in the examples above.
If you need wrapping for these columns of text, whether in the body of your document or in a header or footer, you could use a Table in Word. Remember that each cell in a table can be aligned independently and that you can turn off the borders for the table so that it will not print lines between or around cells.
Otherwise you could set the Right Tab outside of the right Indent or even the Right Margin. The screenshots below show text where this has been done. They have the same margin settings but different indent and tab settings. Both use dot leaders for the Right Tab. Display of non-printing formatting characters is turned on. The first method shown below (tab set outside right indent) works in Word 2013 and later as well as earlier versions. The second method (tab set outside right margin) only works in Word versions 2010 and earlier.
See also Working with Tabs.
Vertical Justification / Alignment of Text in Microsoft Word
Just as text can be aligned to either the left or right indent (not margin) or centered horizontally with Word, it can be aligned to the top or bottom margins of the page or centered on the page using vertical alignment. In Word 97-2003, this is done using the Page Setup dialog found under the File menu. In Ribbon versions of Word it is done using the same dialog launched using the dialog launcher button on the Page Layout Group of the Page Layout tab. These and the dialog are shown below.
Again, vertical alignment on the page is a Section formatting property, not a paragraph formatting property like horizontal alignment.
Justification of Text in Tables in Microsoft Word
See Using Tables for Organizing and Formatting in Microsoft Word
Alignment to Page Margins or Left and Right Indents Rather Than Tab Settings Using Alignment Tabs
Virtually all horizontal alignment in Word is done either in relationship to paragraph Indents or using Tabs – both set as a part of the paragraph formatting and often done in a Style. There are times when you want to align according to the left and right margins or corresponding indents and ignore tab settings. This can be done in a limited fashion (Left, Center, and Right) using Alignment Tabs introduced in Word 2007.
Alignment Within Tables is Handled by Additional Controls
To be worked on. See Cell Properties in the meantime.
See this thread for where we are going with this.
Chèn Text Box &Amp; Drop Cap Trong Microsoft Word
Text Box là một hộp chứa văn bản. Text Box giống như một hình vẽ nên bạn có thể thao tác định dạng với Text Box giống như thao tác định dạng với hình vẽ ở bài Shape – Hình vẽ trong Microsoft Word. http://www.howkteam.com/Course/Microsoft-Word-2016/Shape–Hinh-ve-trong-Microsoft-Word-64
Điểm khác của Text box so với hình vẽ nằm ở chỗ khi mới chèn Text Box, nó là một hình vẽ không tô màu nền và màu đường viền là màu đen.
Để chèn Text Box, bạn làm theo các bước sau đây:
Bước 2: Nhấn chuột trái tại vị trí bắt đầu của Text Box, kéo thả chuột đến vị trí cuối của Text Box.
Vậy là bạn đã có một Text Box và bắt đầu nhập nội dung vào nó, ví dụ ở đây nhập chúng tôi và kết quả là:
Định dạng Text Box như tô màu nền, màu chữ cũng giống như định dạng hình vẽ vậy bạn hãy xem bài Shape – Hình vẽ trong Microsoft Word để biết định dạng hình vẽ như thế nào.
Định dạng tại thẻ Format trên thanh Ribbon.
Trong hình bạn thấy kí tự H đầu đoạn được phóng to hơn mức bình thường, chiếm ba dòng của đoạn, chủ yếu Drop Cap nhằm trang trí cho đẹp văn bản chứ về trải nghiệm đọc thì thấy nó không thật sự tốt, chữ chúng tôi bổng bị phóng to chữ H và giác tách rời với phần còn lại của chữ.
Để chèn Drop Cap bạn làm theo các bước sau.
Bước 1: Đặt con trỏ soạn thảo tại đoạn văn cần chèn Drop Cap.
– None: không áp dụng Drop Cap cho đoạn đang đặt con trỏ soạn thảo, có thể hiểu là xóa Drop Cap nếu đã chèn trước đó. : kiểu được chọn, 3 dòng đầu sẽ thụt vào trong để nhừơng chỗ cho kí tự đầu đoạn.
– In margin: Drop Cap sẽ nằm ở lề trái của văn bản.
Drop Cap Options – Tùy Chỉnh Drop Cap
Bạn muốn tùy chỉnh một số thứ cho Drop Cap như số dòng mà Drop Cap chiếm thay cho kiểu mặc định hãy làm theo các bước sau.
Bước 1: Đặt con trỏ soạn thảo tại đoạn muốn chèn Drop Cap.
: vị trí Drop Cap. – Font: thiết lập Font cho Drop Cap. – Line to drop : số dòng Drop Cap chiếm. – Distance from text: Khoảng cách từ Drop Cap đến văn bản của đoạn đó.
Qua bài này bạn đã có thể chèn Text Box và định dạng nó như định dạng hình vẽ.
Bài sau sẽ là WordArt – Chèn chữ nghệ thuật trong Microsoft Word.
Nếu bạn có bất kỳ khó khăn hay thắc mắc gì về khóa học, đừng ngần ngại đặt câu hỏi trong phần BÌNH LUẬN bên dưới hoặc trong mục HỎI & ĐÁP trên thư viện chúng tôi để nhận được sự hỗ trợ từ cộng đồng.
37 English Words For Describing A Person’S Appearance
In this lesson you’re going to expand your vocabulary with 37 words to describe a person’s appearance.
Let’s begin with the word beautiful – in English, this word is mostly used for women. We use the word handsome for men. To describe beautiful women, we also have the words pretty, lovely, gorgeous, and stunning – “stunning” means extremely beautiful, like a woman who is so beautiful that she attracts a lot of attention!
The words attractive, good-looking, cute, and hot can be used for both men and women. Cute is a more playful word to say a person is attractive; we often use “cute” for children and baby animals. And the word hot is a slang word that you should only use during informal conversations among friends.
The opposite of beautiful or handsome is ugly – but that’s a strong word, so most people express this idea using the negative form of one of the positive words, for example: “She’s not very attractive” or “He’s not so good-looking.”
Finally, there is the word plain – that describes a person who is ordinary-looking – not especially beautiful/handsome, but not especially ugly either.
English Words for “Fat”
Okay, now let’s learn some words to describe body shape and size. You already know the basic words fat and thin – but there are many other ways to say these.
A person who is fat can also be described as overweight, heavy, big, or large. The word for a person who is EXTREMELY fat is obese.
We also have the word chubby to describe fat children; husky or heavyset to describe fat men; and plump or curvy to describe fat women (the word curvy has a more positive connotation, implying that the woman has a nice, full, feminine body).
If you want to say a specific part of the body is fat, you can say it is flabby – for example, “I hate my flabby stomach.” (typically used for arms, stomach, thighs, and butt).
English Words for “Thin”
The opposite of fat is thin. Some alternative words are slim, slender, skinny, lean, wiry, petite, and lanky. In general, thin, slim, and slender are more positive, whereas skinny is often used as a criticism or negative point.
The words lean and wiry mean that the person is thin AND muscular. The word petite is only used for women, and means that the woman is short AND thin. Finally, the word lanky means tall and thin.
English Words for “Muscular”
You can describe him or her as muscular, fit, strong, in good shape, or “ripped” – that’s a slang word meaning that the person has very well-defined and visible muscles – like the guy in this photo.
Image Sources: FreeDigitalPhotos.net
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